SHAFAQNA

SHAFAQNA (Shia International News Association) – A new, energy-efficient material that stores large amounts of carbon dioxide, then releases it, could drastically reduce emissions from coal power stations.

In a study published in Angewandte Chemie, scientists report discovering a photosensitive metal organic framework (MOF)—a class of materials known for their exceptional capacity to store gases. This has created a powerful and cost-effective new tool to capture and store, or potentially recycle, carbon dioxide.

By utilizing sunlight to release the stored carbon, the new material overcomes the problems of expense and inefficiency associated with current, energy-intensive methods of carbon capture. Current technologies use liquid capture materials that are then heated in a prolonged process to release the carbon dioxide for storage.

Associate Professor Bradley Ladewig of the Monash University department of chemical engineering says the MOF was an exciting development in emissions reduction technology.

“For the first time, this has opened up the opportunity to design carbon capture systems that use sunlight to trigger the release of carbon dioxide,” says Ladewig. “This is a step-change in carbon capture technologies.”

A promising and novel class of materials, MOFs are clusters of metal atoms connected by organic molecules. Due to their extremely high internal surface area—that could cover an entire football field in a single gram—they can store large volumes of gas.

PhD student Richelle Lyndon and lead author of the paper says the technology, known as dynamic photo-switching, was accomplished using light-sensitive azobenzene molecules.

“The MOF can release the adsorbed carbon dioxide when irradiated with light found in sunlight, just like wringing out a sponge,” says Lyndon.

“The MOF we discovered had a particular affinity for carbon dioxide. However, the light responsive molecules could potentially be combined with other MOFs, making the capture and release technology appropriate for other gases.”

The researchers, led by Professor Matthew Hill of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) of Australia, will now optimize the material to increase the efficiency of carbon dioxide to levels suitable for an industrial environment.

The Science and Industry Endowment Fund supported the research.-www.shfaqna.com/English

Source: Futurity

SHAFAQNA (Shia International News Association) – Anyone who has ever engaged in a round of peekaboo with a child has witnessed an adorable yet somewhat illogical behavior that is nearly universally shared among children: the attempt to hide from view by simply closing their eyes. This is cute and all, but it’s also baffling. Why do children think they can render themselves invisible? And why have nearly all young children come to this same irrational conclusion?

Researchers at the University of Cambridge have turned their attentions to this mystery by performing a variety of simple tests on groups of 3 and 4-year-old children. The researchers first placed the children in eye masks and asked them whether they could be seen by the researchers, as well as whether the researchers could see other adults if those adults were wearing eye masks. Nearly all the children felt that they were obscured from view as long as their eyes were masked, and most of them also thought the eye masks shielded the adults from view as well.

Next, they questioned a second group of children wearing one of two different sets of goggles. The first set of goggles were blacked out completely. The second set were one-way-mirrored, meaning the children’s eyes were obscured from view but the children could see out of the goggles. This exercise may have suffered somewhat from faulty experiment design, as most of the children wearing the mirrored goggles didn’t properly grasp the idea that while they could see out of the goggles, their own eyes were obscured from view. But of those who did get it all thought they were hidden from view regardless of whether they were wearing blacked out goggles or the mirrored pair.

None of this makes a ton of sense really, but keep in mind that these are children. They eat snot sometimes. And however nonsensical it may seem to us brilliant adults, at least they are being consistent. When their eyes are covered up, they feel invisible. But there’s a twist here. When pressed on exactly what their invisibility meant, the children in both of the aforementioned phases of the study admitted that, okay, their bodies were still visible when their eyes were covered. It was their “self” that was hidden, or at least that is the implication; children seem to draw a distinction between body and “self” and the self seems to be universally described as living in the eyes in some sense--unless the eyes of two people meet, they cannot actually perceive each other.

In yet another study this conclusion seems to be borne out. The researchers looked directly at the child subjects while the children averted their eyes. Then they did it the other way around, with child looking on and researcher averting their gazes. In both instances, the children largely felt they were not being seen as long as the eyes didn’t meet.

Which is crazy, children, but whatever. At least now you know why your toddler won’t look at you when you’re delivering a scolding. The look-away is the perfect getaway.— www.shafaqna.com/English

Source: Popsci

SHAFAQNA (Shia International News Association) — Nobody likes to encounter a flat tire, even more so when you are in a hurry to get to your destination. Well, run-flat tires have been around for some years already, although those are expensive and tend to be found in more expensive vehicles, but Goodyear has just debuted their Air Maintenance Technology in Germany which was specially designed to ensure your tires remain inflated at the optimum pressure all the time.

The Air Maintenance Technology (AMT) system will be able to automatically ensure your four tires remain inflated to the optimum pressure, and this is achieved without requiring any external pumps or electronics. In fact, the entire system’s components will be contained within the tire itself. Right smack at the system’s heart lies an internal regulator which is capable of detect whenever the air pressure drops below a pre-specified psi, where it will then open up to allow air from outside the tire to be sent into the pumping tube. Air will then be pushed through this tube to the inlet valve, which ensures optimal pressure is maintained.

Right now, Goodyear will target their AMT system at commercial vehicle fleet operators, although we should be able to see glimpses of it appear on everyday sedans in due time.—www.shafaqna.com/English

Source: Ubergizmo

SHAFAQNA (Shia International News Association) — The province has reached a last-minute agreement with several thousand educational assistants, making small progress toward their goal of avoiding expensive pay raises for education staff this fall.

The deal involves nearly 3,000 education assistants at Halton, Dufferin-Peel, Waterloo and francophone school boards and promises terms similar to those outlined in legislation that is likely to be passed shortly at Queen’s Park.

They include a wage freeze for two years, and a 0.5 per cent pay cut in the form of one unpaid professional development day in order to preserve experience-based pay raises for newer staff.

The educational assistants will also see cuts to their sick days, something Premier Dalton McGuinty has suggested might also be necessary for police and firefighters.

In July, the province reached an agreement with the English Catholic teachers’ union, but most school boards and other unions have been reluctant to accept the same terms.

With the school year just days away, the minority Liberal government recalled the legislature two weeks early to introduce legislation that would force the monetary terms of the Catholic contract on the rest of the province’s boards, delaying pay raises for young teachers and blocking strikes and lockouts.

The bill, which has the support of Conservatives, has angered teachers. Over 10,000 attended a rally at Queen’s Park this week, and some are considered scaling back on voluntary services such as clubs and coaching in retaliation.—www.shafaqna.com/English

Source: The Global and Mail

SHAFAQNA (Shia International News Association) — Hurricane Isaac made landfall in extreme southeastern Louisiana, with strong winds and a dangerous storm surge occurring along the northern Gulf Coast, the US National Hurricane Center said on Tuesday.

Al Jazeera's John Terrett says the hurricane is "very slow moving... which means there could be hurricane-force winds over New Orleans or here in Gulf Port, Mississippi... for hours on end. Driving winds as well."

"The biggest test for New Orleans is going to be the city's brand new pumps and levees and also the big barrier which is about 20km outside the city designed to stop the water getting anywhere near it. They're very confident that all that is going to work this time," he said.

The hurricane was currently located about 15km south west of the mouth of the Mississippi river and about 140km south east of New Orleans, Louisiana, with maximum sustained winds of 130km per hour, NHC said.

The storm has brought high winds, soaking rains and storm surges that will pose the first major test for New Orleans' multibillion-dollar flood protections put in place after Katrina devastated the US Gulf Coast seven years ago.

Isaac's storm surge poses a major test of the so-called Crescent City's new flood-control systems and reinforced levees that failed in 2005, leaving parts of the city underwater.

Forecasts from the US National Hurricane Centre showed the storm coming ashore in the Mississippi Delta late on Tuesday, possibly taking direct aim at New Orleans.

"Many parts of the state could see 24 to 38 hours of tropical storm-force winds," Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal told a news conference earlier. "We're going to see a lot of downed trees and power lines," he said. "We need people to stay safe."

Storm surge flooding is already occurring in coastal areas of southeastern Louisiana, the National Hurricane Center said in an advisory.

Earlier, the Army Corps of Engineers closed for the first time the massive new floodgate on the largest storm-surge barrier in the world, at Lake Borgne, east of New Orleans.

In other preparations, oil production in the US Gulf of Mexico nearly ground to a halt, and ports and coastal refineries curtailed operations as Isaac approached.

Learning from Katrina

Isaac is bearing down on New Orleans seven years after the Bush administration's botched handling of the much bigger Hurricane Katrina became a political disaster and left a doom-laden case study for future presidents. It was moving northwestward towards the mouth of the Mississippi River.

"Isaac has finally formed into a hurricane, so we are officially in the fight and the city of New Orleans is on the

front lines," New Orleans Mayor Mitch Landrieu told reporters.

The US Army Corps of Engineers began to close for the first time the massive new floodgate on the largest storm-surge barrier in the world, at Lake Borgne, east of New Orleans.

Al Jazeera's Tom Ackerman, reported from New Orleans, where some 50,000 people were set to evacuate from New Orleans.

"People here are, understandably, cautious," he said. "They are confident that the enhancements to the levee system, particularly the wall that is nearly finished, will protect the entire city of New Orleans from significant damage."

Obama warns of flooding

Isaac achieved hurricane status shortly after US President Barack Obama warned of the likelihood of significant damage from flooding.

The US president told people in its path to take the "big storm" seriously and to follow directions, in a televised statement at the White House.

"I want to encourage all residents of the Gulf Coast to listen to your local officials and follow their directions, including if they tell you to evacuate," Obama said.

"We're dealing with a big storm and there could be significant flooding and other damage across a large area. Now is not the time to tempt fate. Now is not the time to dismiss official warnings. You need to take this seriously."

Obama emphasised that the hurricane was expected to make landfall later in the day, and said he had managed a wide-ranging effort by federal and local governments to make preparations.

His appearance was a reminder of the power of an incumbent president to intervene at politically advantageous moments, as he projected an image of strength and competence, just as Republicans met for their convention.

The event to nominate White House candidate Mitt Romney in Tampa, Florida, will try to create the opposite impression of Obama, making the case that he has failed in the Oval Office.

Federal support

Earlier on Tuesday, Obama said he had ordered the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to be in place more than a week ago to co-ordinate with local officials from Puerto Rico to Florida, Louisiana and other Gulf of Mexico states.

"Right now, we already have response teams and supplies ready to help communities in the path of the storm," he said.

"I'll continue to make sure that the federal government is doing everything possible to help the American people prepare for and recover from this dangerous storm.

"As we get additional updates from the Hurricane Center, as well as from FEMA in terms of activities on the ground, we'll be providing continuous updates both local and national level."

The US National Hurricane Center warned in its 12:00 GMT advisory of a "significant storm surge and freshwater flood threat to the northern Gulf Coast".

The Miami-based NHC said "preparations to protect life and property should be rushed to completion".

Alabama's governor has lifted the mandatory evacuation order for parts of Alabama's two coastal counties.

Robert Bentley had ordered residents of low-lying coastal areas and flood-prone areas of Mobile and Baldwin counties to evacuate Monday. But he announced on Tuesday that he was revising the order because the National Hurricane Center lifted its hurricane warning for the Alabama coast.

However, Bentley is still recommending that people in low-lying, flood-prone areas move to safer locations because of heavy rains and storm surge forecast at 1.2 to 2.4 metres.—www.shafaqna.com/English

SHAFAQNA (Shia International News Association) —As a pharmacist in the Detroit area, Sam Alawieh, was baffled by a question a patient asked him about the vitamins she was about to take.

“She asked me, does this have anything that’s not halal in it?,” Alawieh said.

“I told her, ‘ honestly, I don’t know’.”

Alawieh then began a search into the matter. He discovered that the majority of vitamins in the market were not “halal” as most of them had pork derivatives, such as the gelatin used in capsules or in gummy vitamins.

“That threw me way back, so I thought, now what? how do we give patients the option to be healthy and be halal at the same time?” Alawieh said.

Through his Michigan based pharmaceutical lab “Rxtra” he set out to create a line of “halal” vitamins that contain no animal by-products and is in the process of obtaining a “halal” certification for them. He currently sells them in an Arab American supermarket in Dearborn and is in the process of setting up a website to take orders.

While there is nothing new about vegetarian vitamins, Alwaieh’s niche line is reflective of a growing understanding of the purchasing power of American Muslims.

“People in the Muslim community have been overlooked, and we want to change that” says Alawieh.

Muslim American organizations, like the Council on American Islamic Relations, CAIR, say there are about seven million Muslims in the united States.

“Their income is higher than the national average end they have a larger numbers of professionals as heads of households,” CAIR’s Ibrahim Hooper said.

The New York based Center for American Muslims Research estimates that the annual purchasing power of U.S. Muslims is about $12 billion.

Alawieh’s line offers vitamins created specifically to cater to challenges that affect the community. “Dow” is a vitamin D supplement marketed to women who wear the hijab or niqab and don’t get enough sun exposure.

A picture of a smiling woman wearing the hijab is on the marketing posters for “Dow,” and Alaweih says he wants the community to be the face of his vitamins.

“We want people to know that you, as a Muslim, are being acknowledged” he adds.—www.shafaqna.com/english

Source: Al Arabiya News

SHAFAQNA (Shia International News Association) — Phablets seem to be the in thing these days, and if you’re wondering what that is, it’s basically a phone + tablet, i.e. a device that blurs the line between smartphone and tablet. The Samsung Galaxy Note is a perfect example of such a device. However if you’re the sort that believes that 5.3”-5.5” is still too small for a tablet, then this concept design by Patrik Eriksson might be worth checking out. Pictured above is a folding device that when folded together resembles a smartphone. However when unfolded, it becomes a tablet thanks to its flexible OLED display that hides the hinge in the middle. This allows users to slip the device into their pockets and transform it into a full sized tablet when needed. We’re not sure why the designer chose Sony as the brand, perhaps he was inspired by the Tablet P, who knows? In any case foldable devices have been done before, like the Sony Tablet P and the Kyocera Echo, but we admit that we like Eriksson’s design and the use of a flexible OLED. What do you guys think? Would you be interested in such a device, or would you rather keep your smartphone and tablet separate?—www.shafaqna.com/english

source: Ubergizmo

SHAFAQNA (Shia International News Association) — Trading rubies for artificial look-a-likes might seem like a bad idea. But that could be what finally turns masers into valuable technology, ranging in application from medical imaging to chemical sensors.

First dreamed up in the 1950s, the maser is a precursor to the now ubiquitous laser that emits concentrated microwave radiation instead of visible light.

Although masers have been shown to amplify signals with little background noise, conventional solid-state masers work only under extreme conditions, such as in a vacuum or at temperatures near absolute zero. Masers also need strong magnetic fields to function.

Cryogenically cooled ruby masers have been used in antennas to boost the microwave signals from deep space missions such as NASA's Voyager probes. But for the most part, lasers have outpaced their predecessors here on Earth.

Now, using a pink crystal grown from hydrocarbons – p-terphenyl doped with pentacene – Mark Oxborrow of the UK's National Physical Laboratory and colleagues have created the first maser that works in air at room temperature and with no added magnetic field.

Inner beauty

Oxborrow and his team exploited a phenomenon called inter-system crossing, found to occur in pentacene, which produces a very cold system even while at room temperature. This allows the maser to work as though it's operating within thousandths of a degree of absolute zero.

The truly remarkable thing about this "internal refrigerator" is that with it, the maser's microwave emission is even greater at room temperatures than one under cryogenic conditions, says Oxborrow.

Aharon Blank, an associate professor at the Israel Institute of Technology, came close to making room-temperature masers 10 years ago. Although enthusiastic about Oxborrow's work, he points out that the new maser can only operate for pulses of about 300 microseconds.

"One needs to have continuous operation for most applications, so this very important aspect is still missing," says Blank.

Oxborrow concedes the limitations of his research, but he's confident that renewed interest in masers could lead to significant advances.

"Through modest investment there is scope for substantial improvements," he says.—www.shafaqna.com/english

Source: New Scientist

SHAFAQNA (Shia International News Association) — A more changeable climate will give some diseases the upper hand over their hosts. Experiments with frogs show that they are more vulnerable to a deadly fungus if the temperature changes unpredictably. As the climate becomes less predictable, amphibians may decline even faster.

A third of amphibians are threatened with extinction. That's mostly because their habitats are being destroyed. But they are also being hit hard by a disease called chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.

Changes in average temperature and rainfall can affect the spread of disease, including chytridiomycosis, but nobody knows what a more varied and unpredictable climate will do, says Thomas Raffel of Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan. With his colleagues, he tried to find out using captive Cuban tree frogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis).

He exposed the frogs to chytrid fungus in incubators. Some were kept at constant temperatures, others experienced regular temperature changes that mimicked the day-night cycle, and others were subjected to random temperature changes. Frogs exposed to unpredictable temperature changes suffered higher levels of infection.

Fast adapters

Raffel thinks that's because the fungus can adapt faster to the temperature changes, as it is so much smaller and has a shorter generation time than its host. "The parasite does better with unpredictable temperature changes," he says.

Field data from populations of harlequin frogs showed that their numbers decline more when monthly temperatures fall abruptly, and that such sharp cooling periods have become more common as average temperatures have risen. That suggests that increasing variability in climate is already affecting wild frogs.

Climate change will take a massive toll on the world's biodiversity, because many species will find that their habitats are too hot or dry for them. But the models predicting climate's effects are based on changes in average conditions, and do not factor in increases in climate variability or extreme events.

"We're highlighting this glaring hole in our understanding of how climate change affects biodiversity," Raffel says. He says it's too early to say how big a role variability will play. However, he suspects that it will simply speed up the declines of species that are already threatened by chytrid fungus, rather than threatening additional species.

As climate models improve, it should be possible to identify the areas that will experience greater variability in their climate. "Then you know where to focus your conservation efforts," Raffel says. —www.shafaqna.com/english

Source: New Scientist

SHAFAQNA (Shia International News Association) — If the Mormon church were a business, wealthy adherents like Mitt Romney would count as its dominant revenue stream.

Its investment strategy would be viewed as risk-averse.

It would also likely attract corporate gadflies protesting a lack of transparency. They would call for less spending on real estate and more on charitable causes to improve membership growth - the Mormons' return on investment.

Those are a few of the conclusions that can be drawn from an analysis of the church's finances by Reuters and University of Tampa sociologist Ryan Cragun.

Relying heavily on church records in countries that require far more disclosure than the United States, Cragun and Reuters estimate that the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints brings in some $7 billion annually in tithes and other donations.

It owns about $35 billion worth of temples and meeting houses around the world, and controls farms, ranches, shopping malls and other commercial ventures worth many billions more.

The church claims 14 million members around the world, more than half outside the United States. All are supposed to tithe, or give 10 percent, of their income, which Mormons frequently interpret as pre-tax earnings. But only about 40 percent of Mormons counted by the church actually attend weekly services in the United States and Canada, and in many countries, including Mexico and Brazil, only a quarter of nominal members are active, according to Cumorah, an independent research group headed by a devoted, active Mormon.

These active members are most likely to tithe, and the result is that from a financial standpoint at least, the church remains largely a venture of active American members, says Cragun, who adds that U.S. Mormon men tend to be wealthier than the average U.S. male.

"Most of the revenue of the religion is from the U.S., and a large percentage comes from an elite cadre of wealthy donors, like Mitt Romney," said Cragun. " is a religion that appeals to economically successful men by rewarding their financial acuity with respect and positions of prestige within the religion."

The church is full of successful businessmen, including chemical billionaire Jon Huntsman Sr., the father of the former presidential candidate, J.W. "Bill" Marriott Jr. and his hotel-owning family, and even entertainer Donny Osmond.

Romney, the Republican presidential candidate, gave $4.1 million to the church over the past two years (amounting to 9.7 percent of his gross adjusted income, according to the two years' worth of tax returns he has released). He would tithe on his IRA, valued at as much as $102 million, only when he withdraws from it and pays taxes.

CRUNCHING THE NUMBERS

Several countries around the world require religious groups and charities to file financial reports, including Canada. The country has only 185,000 Mormon members but a wealth of statistics on them. Taking total reported Canadian donations and dividing by the estimated number of active Mormons and family financial data from the World Bank indicates that active Canadian Mormons give slightly less than 8 percent of their income to the church.

Assuming that active U.S. Mormons give at a similar rate and adjusting for higher U.S. income, t otal U.S. tithing would amount to mo re than $6 billion, or about $ 6.5 billion annually be tween the United States and Canada.

Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, which also require financial disclosures, all have sharply lower donation rates than Canada. Based on data from those countries, tithing outside the United States and Canada totals several hundred million dollars, ta king global total donations to abou t $7 b illion.

Canada also requires the church to disclose the value of its assets and spending. Using those figures as a basis suggests the total value of church buildings, including temples and meeting houses, would be about $35 billion globally.

Church spokesman Michael Purdy declined to comment specifically on the estimates but said that the church was different from a corporation.

"Other projections are speculative and do not reflect an understanding of how the church uses its income to bless the lives of people," he added, saying the church was financed primarily from member tithing and offerings.

FOCUS ON BUSINESS AND BUILDINGS

Concerned or disgruntled current and former Mormons complain that the church spends too much on real estate and for-profit ventures, neglecting charity work.

The Mormon church has no hospitals and only a handful of primary schools. Its university system is limited to widely respected Brigham Young, which has campuses in Utah, Idaho and Hawaii, and LDS Business College. Seminaries and institutes for high school students and single adults offer religious studies for hundreds of thousands.

It counts more than 55,000 in its missionary forces, primarily youths focused on converting new members but also seniors who volunteer for its non-profits, such as the Polynesian Cultural Center, which bills itself as Hawaii's No. 1 tourist attraction, and for-profit businesses owned by the church.

The church has plowed resources into a multi-billion-dollar global network of for-profit enterprises: it is the largest rancher in the United States, a church official told Nebraska's Lincoln Journal Star in 2004, with other ranches and farms in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Australia and Great Britain, according to financial documents reviewed by Reuters.

Ranching and farm industry sources say they are well-run operations.

It also has a small media empire, an investment fund, and is developing a mall across from its Salt Lake City headquarters, which it calls an attempt to help revitalize the city rather than to make money. These enterprises are also part of a vast nest egg for tough times. The church expects wars and natural disasters before Christ returns to earth in the Second Coming, and members are encouraged to prepare by laying in stores of food. Farms and ranches are part of the church's own preparation.

"The church teaches its members to live within their means and put a little money aside for life's unexpected events. As a church, we live by the same principle," Purdy said. The rainy-day fund and operating budget rarely mix, officials say.

Cost-cutting is a top priority, church documents show. It has even laid off janitors and called on members to clean temples and meeting houses, but the buildout of temples continues, including one under construction in Rome.

Those temples take a lot of money to operate, Purdy points out, and many of the grand church buildings are short on congregants, says David Stewart, a physician who leads research group Cumorah.

"I have been to beautiful church buildings in Hungary and Ukraine, and Latvia and other places, and there are these huge buildings and 35 people there, and you say, how can this work financially? The math - it just doesn't work."

The Seventh-day Adventist Church, which had about 17 million members a year ago, appears to be getting a better return on investment: It builds smaller meeting houses and lots of schools and hospitals, and its numbers are swelling faster than the Mormons', said Stewart. The Adventists claim a million new members join annually, compared with every three years or so for the Mormons.

"The Seventh-day Adventists clearly have a much more expansive humanitarian project in terms of building hospitals and medical schools and schools and universities and long-term developmental infrastructure around the world," said Stewart. "It's paid off for them."

The Mormon church, meanwhile, appears to be decreasing transparency and member control of donations. New tithing slips give fewer donation options and come with an expanded disclaimer saying the church has sole discretion over spending, even though it will make "reasonable efforts" to follow donors' wishes.

"Hey, where's the slot of 'shopping malls'?" a poster said of the new slips on exmormonforums.com, one of several dissident sites.

Many faithful have no such issues. On chat boards and in private conversations, they emphasize that volunteering for the church and giving to it are worthy deeds in and of themselves.

"The funds are used to build and maintain temples and meeting houses, as well as take care of the many expenses associated with helping the work of the Gospel of Jesus Christ roll forth. I love to pay tithing," Carl Ames said on one church site.

Purdy did offer a list of spending priorities: building houses of worship, supporting Brigham Young University and a seminary system, operating nearly 140 temples and the world's largest genealogy research program, and humanitarian aid for both members and non-members.

Since 1985 the church has spent a total of $1.4 billion on relief for disasters such as Japan's earthquake and Ethiopian famine, and it operates 129 "bishops' storehouses" with food and household items for the needy.

Romney himself focuses on the act of giving, not the result. As he told Fox News Sunday, "Hopefully, as people look at various individuals running for president, they'd be pleased with someone who made a promise to God and kept that promise." —www.shafaqna.com/english

Source: Huffingtonpost